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Reporters Without Borders (RWB), or ''Reporters Sans Frontières'' (''RSF''), is a France-based international non-profit, non-governmental organization that promotes and defends freedom of information and freedom of the press. The organization has consultant status at the United Nations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Introduction )〕 Reporters Without Borders has two primary spheres of activity: one is focused on Internet Censorship and the New Media, and the other on providing material, financial and psychological assistance to journalists assigned to dangerous areas.〔("Reporters Without Borders : For Freedom of Information" ), Brochure, Reporters Without Borders, 16 April 2012〕 Its missions are to: * continuously monitor attacks on freedom of information worldwide; * denounce any such attacks in the media; * act in cooperation with governments to fight censorship and laws aimed at restricting freedom of information; * morally and financially assist persecuted journalists, as well as their families; and * offer material assistance to war correspondents in order to enhance their safety. ==Background== Reporters Without Borders was founded in 1985 by Robert Ménard, Rémy Loury, Jacques Molénat and Émilien Jubineau, in Montpellier, France.〔("Who We Are?" ), Reporters Without Borders, 12 September 2012, retrieved 8 March 2013〕 Its head office is in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Contact us )〕 RWB also maintains offices in Berlin, Brussels, Geneva, Madrid, Rome, Stockholm, Tunis, Vienna, and Washington, D.C. At first, the association worked to promote alternative journalism, but there were disagreements between the founders. Finally, only Robert Ménard stayed and he changed the organization's direction towards promoting freedom of the press.〔 Reporters Without Borders states that it draws its inspiration from Article 19 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, according to which everyone has "the right to freedom of opinion and expression" and also the right to "seek, receive and impart" information and ideas "regardless of frontiers." Robert Ménard was RWB's first Secretary General. Jean-François Julliard succeeded Ménard in 2008.〔 English translation: ("Robert Ménard 'will be fine media' " )〕 Christophe Deloire succeeded Julliard in July 2012 when he became Director General.〔("Christophe Deloire appointed Reporters Without Borders director-general" ), Reporters Without Borders, 21 May 2012〕 Reporters Without Borders' primary means of direct action are appeals to government authorities through letters or petitions, as well as frequent press releases. Through its world-wide network of roughly 150 correspondents, RWB gathers information and conducts investigations of press freedom violations by region (Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East and North Africa, and the Americas) or topic. If necessary, it will send a team of its own to assess working conditions for journalists in a specific country. It releases annual reports on countries as well as the Press Freedom Index. It has launched advertising campaigns with the pro bono assistance of advertising firms to raise public awareness of threats to freedom of information and freedom of the press, to undermine the image of countries that it considers enemies of freedom of expression, and to discourage political support by the international community for governments that attack rather than protect freedom of information.〔 RWB also provides assistance for journalists and media who are either in danger or are having difficulty subsisting. They provide money to assist exiled or imprisoned journalists and their families and the unsupported families of journalists who have been killed; to enable journalists to leave their home countries if they are in danger there; to repair the effects of vandalism on media outlets; to cover the legal fees of journalists who have been prosecuted for their writings or the medical bills of those who have been physically attacked; and upon occasion, to provide bullet-proof vests for use by journalists. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Reporters Without Borders」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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